2.5,2.6,2.7

 

2.5 questions

1) Tropical cyclones are known as hurricanes or typhoons and are large storms that form a funnel of gushing wind.

2) Tropical cyclones occur usually on the coast of countries usually in between 5 degrees and 22 degrees north and south of the equator over oceans with a water temperature greater than 26.5 degrees.

3) Areas that are most at risk in Australia are north of Perth along he coast of western Australia and the Northern territory, most of the Queensland coastline and occasionally the far north coast of New South Wales.

4) 6 tropical cyclones are expected to cross the Australian coastline each year.

5) Other names for tropical cyclones are hurricanes and typhoons.

6) Tropical cyclones develop in the tropical regions of the world. Heat from the sun causes warm, moist air to rise into the atmosphere. As the air rises, a low pressure system forms and condensation occurs, which releases latent heat causing the air to rise further into the atmosphere. If the air pressure in the upper atmosphere is high, then the rising column of warm air will spiral outwards in the upper atmosphere and air will rush from the surface to replace it, forming a tropical cyclone.

7) The eye of a tropical cyclone is in the centre of the cyclone and it is usually clear and calm.

9) For a tropical cyclone to be downgraded to a tropical storm the rising air form clouds, which release heat, causing the air to rise further, leading to a tropical storm  

2.6 Questions

1. 25 December 1974

2. The police set up evacuation and medical centres

3. It is a federal government body that’s job is to coordinate emergencies

4. The evacuation was essential as three quarters of the cities homes had been destroyed

5. 75%

6. It has showed us what houses are needed to be built like to prepare them for the worst

7. It occurred in New Orleans. It killed over 1400 and flooded large areas of New Orleans

8. New Orleans is based at near sea level, which meant that a lot of the town was flooded.

9. The FEMA didn’t devote enough resources to the clean-up efforts at the time, dramatically affecting the area

10. NDO quickly responded to the situation, with someone there to monitor the clean-up operation the very same day, whereas FEMA wasn’t as efficient

2.7 questions

1. It crossed the Queensland coast between 6.20am and 7.20am in the town of Innisfail

2. This is because the this is where the wind is spinning, ripping up anything in its path

3. Public infrastructure is buildings that belong to the government and this made it hard to set up a evacuation or medical point for them to go to

4. AU$350 million

5. The banana industry lost a lot of crops, escalating to $298.4 million worth of produce being lost in that year

6. The SES and EMA produce brochures and run community workshops to ensure that people are well prepared

7. Government agencies, local councils, the SES, energy suppliers and other organisations actively work together to ensure a coordinated relief effort

8) The assistance that these groups offered to communities affected by cyclone Larry was personal and financial assistance to local residents, business owners and farmers

9) Major General Peter Cosgrove was appointed by the EMA the lead the overall response.

10) Flooding

11) The impact it would have had on capital cities was a huge rise in the price of bananas in stores  

12) a. it would have travelled about 2000km

b. 2000km/24hrs

c. the cause of the downgrade was the speed of the winds died down as it came closer to shore

d. 800km

2.8

1) a. i. 1014
ii 1010
iii. 1020
iv 1022
b. Adelaide
c. There is a cold front emerging from the west with showers occuring later in the day and continuing in the night.
d. i. high pressure system interacting with a low pressure system.
ii. ridge
iii. a big low pressure coming in.
e. hobart would have the stongest winds as there is a low pressure system coming from the south with the isobars closeer together meaning the winds will be stronger

2.2

1) A landslide is the movement of a mass of rock or sections of the Earth's crust under the force of gravity
2) The main causes of landslides are torrential rain, human contributions, earthquakes and undercutting of banks and cliffs from waves or rivers.
3) humans contribute to landslides by creating either man made hills that support houses and buildings
4) earthquakes are rapid and sudden movements of the Earth's crust caused by tectonic forces from within the Earth. It is measured using the rictor scale rating from 1-10
5) The main causes of earthquakes in Australia is the tectonic plates rubbing againts one an other.
6) every 15 months and it is not usual because we are on the midde of a tectonic plate and not on the edges.
7) !3 people killed, 120 people injured, 70 000 buildings damaged
8) A landslide is formed by weather and external factors while earthquakes are internal factors and are usually a lot bigger
9) A tsunami is when the movement of the ocean bottom which displaces water on the surface.
10) Earthquakes, landslide and volcano
11) A tsunami is formed when the tectonic plates move and pushes water to form large blocks of water moving away.
12) Three tsunami warnings signs are a shake from the ground which is a earthquake which usually causes tsunami's, a drop of sea level and a roar coming from the large gush of water.
13) A under sea earthquake rating 9.3 on the rictor scale which occured off the west coast of samatra where the Indo-Australian Plate is sliding under the Eurasian plate
14) 23
15) A tsuanmi changes in shallow water becuase as it gets shallower the water the wave slowed to 100km per hour and rised.
16) The united nations coordinated a warning system for the indian ocean
17) Ted Bryant studies natural hazards.
18) 10N 90E
b. india- 1 hr
Africa- 10hrs
Australia- 5hrs
tasmania-10hrs

2.1 Qll

a. There are many reasons as to why emergency services would benefit from GIS mapping of natural hazard areas. This mapping would enable the emergency services to pre-pare and plan for natural hazaerds so loss of life is minimal. There are 5 main ways which emergency services use GIS mapping to help them, they are:

• Easily calculate emergency response times 
• Be able to assess hot spots where emergency vehicles and teams must be on standby 
• Warn people of danger due to a  natural hazard area
• Map out dangerous areas were unexpected dangers lurk - flash flooding, earthquakes, bush fires etc
• Be able to set up a emergency rescue team ready to move out home owners and people who are in danger from the natural hazards.

b the information in 2.3 would help state governments in making tactical decision about to deal with situation in their state. An example of this would be, the NSW government would be able to pick areas of the state which would be effect. In this case Bush fires are the most prominat near area of Southern NSW. They can also make tactical decision. Where to put fire bans and also danger signs so people in the area could be better prepare if a major disaster broke out. They can also protect local wild life from fires and give people warning when Natural Hazards are coming

c. Insurance companies- There are many reasons as to why insurance companies would benefit from GIS mapping of natural hazard areas. This mapping would enable insurnace companies to prepare and set up plans for people living in most effected areas and also can help alot of people for certain hazards. They could also warn consumers about the certain natural hazards that could effect there area.