4.1

1. When people from rural areas move away from the country and into urban areas in order to find work
2. Gulargambone is situated 115km north of Dubbo and 500km north west of Sydney.
4. The soldier settler blocks where given to soldiers who had come back from the war and were given land in the country
5. The main economic activities in Gulargambone are the farming industry. This involves cattle, sheep and other animals
6. 447 people live in the town. 1072 people live in the surrounding area
7. The CDP is the community development employment and it provides activities for unemployed indigenous people around the community.

Gulargambone- an Australian community facing change

4.2
1) Drought causes hardship for the agricultural population, which has an effect on businesses, jobs and the local economy of the town.
2) this resulted in farm areas increasing but the number of farms decreasing.
3) Mechanism and technology, better transport and roads, and lifestyle expectations.
4) many jobs that were once manual are now mechanised.
5) it has allowed people of the community to access larger centres and they begin to bypass the smaller cntres of gulargambone
6) Population decline, an ageing population, and a loss of services for the people who remain in the community.
8) it had declined dramatically in 1961 and has staid at that population for a while.
9) the ages of people living there is older than usual.
10) the trend in school enrolments has declined as well and is still falling.
11) all this information shows that the population of Gulargambone has been effected in size and that not many new people are coming to live there.

Go back to where you cam from reflection

1) My initial reaction to the show was that they were just going to be introduced to people who had been refugees. also that the people who were on the show were all racist.
2) 70%
3) because they are a different culture and we dont understand what they are escaping from
4) 18th
5) we could use some money to help people seek life in Australia. we could make foundations that could support refugees
6) very little to nearly nothing
7) 11
8) it means that they are illegally living there and that if they get caught they could exiled or sent to prison

Australia's Population

1) The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations
2) December 4, 2003. Australia's population grew by 1.5% during the year ended 31 December 2010. The growth rate has been declining since the peak of 2.2% for the year ended 31 December 2008 and was the lowest growth rate since the year ended 30 September 2006.
3) The Indigenous population at the time of European settlement is estimated to have been at least 315 000.
4) Immigration and birth rate. Natural increase and net overseas migration contributed 47% and 53% respectively to total population growth for the year ended 31 December 2010.
5) 1.78 children born/woman
6) 3.1 children born/woman. The fertility rate fell from about 6 babies per woman in the mid-nineteenth century to 3.9 in 1901. After a slight rise, probably a catch-up of births postponed during the 1890s Depression, it declined to 3.1 by 1921 and, associated with the Great Depression, to 2.1 in 1934. After this it increased to a high of 3.5 in 1961 before commencing the decline to the current level. I think that it compares this way because like to day as the time of the great depression it is harder to earn a good living to support a family. Also because today woman have alot more oppurtunites than they did in the early 1900's 
7) A subsequently decline in fertility rate from the 1950's
8) the average size of a family household is 2.6. 

How has Australia changed in my life time?

Physical Changes
-Drought
-Deforestation
-buildings
-roads
-floods
Socio-economic changes 
-income
-technology
-population
-transport
-industries
Cultural Changes
-indiginous
-Transportation
-immigration
-population
-environmental
2) physical change- deforestation
deforestation has effected Australia and its environment. many species and animals would have been effected by deforestation. Ways we can find out how much Australia has changed in this category is comparing areas which are now full of large buildings and houses compared to what the area would have been liked 20 years ago. we can also compare rainforests and how they have changed. 
Socio-economic change- income
the income and wealth of people have changed Australia's Socio-economic status in many ways. as people get larger incomes this means that the  difference between poor and rich people are growing. also if less people are earning a sizable income then people wont be spending as much.
Cultural Change- immigration
immigration had changed Australia's cultures in many ways. due to the recent asalam seekers there have been an increase in middle estern people coming to Australia. This has also changed the culture of Australia as many new cultures have arrived in australia. ways to test this is to maybe go on government websites and have a look at the population and culture. also interview small areas.


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El Nino Natural Disaster

Black Saturday Bush fires
Where was it? (get exact information to use on your Google Map)
The black Saturday Bush fires occurred in the areas around Victoria. But the fire started at Gippsland Victoria and spread over 450,000 hectares.
What are the important weather statistics which make it a NATURAL disaster? (eg. If it is a cyclone, what was the wind speeds? How big was it? ect.)
• The important weather statistics for a fire to make it a natural disaster is-
• The speed the fire travelled at was 100km/h which was mainly caused by the wind and the deep bushland surrounding the towns. This was one main statistic which makes it a natural disaster.
• The fires came as Melbourne reached its hottest ever temperature of 46.4 degrees.
• The extremely hot temperatures were accompanied by very strong north westerly winds, which changed to strong south easterly winds in the late afternoon.
How did it effect communities? (people killed, damage, ect.)

This natural disaster had many effects on the communities like the loss of property, the number of deaths and power and phone network failures.The Bushfires Royal Commission gave a "conservative" estimate of the total cost of the Black Saturday bushfires of A$4.4 billion.
Loss of property
• The fires have destroyed at least 1,834 homes, with thousands more suffering damage.
• The fires have left an estimated 7,500 people homeless.

Deaths
• As at May 13 , 2009, 173 people are reported dead.
• Several million native animals are estimated to have died.

Power and phone network failures
The following power lines which supply Melbourne with electricity failed during the bushfires:
• Two power lines in the Latrobe valley, due to the Churchill fire
One power line to the north of Melbourne, due to the Kilmore fire
• An electricity spokesperson stated on the Radio 774 on February 7 that Melbourne was very close to losing its power as a result of these fires. If another power line had been impacted the entire grid would have been temporarily shut down.
• Phone networks failed in fire areas when the following infrastructure was destroyed by fire:
• poles and wires for landline phone networks.
• transmitter towers for mobile networks.
How have local, state, national government and emergencies react?

Responses to the Black Saturday bushfires included immediate community response, donations and later, international aid efforts, Government inquiries including a Royal Commission and recommendations and discussions from a wide variety of bodies, organisations, authorities and communities.
Government

The Premier of Victoria, John Brumby, accepted an offer from the Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, to dispatch members of the Australian Defence Force to provide assistance in that state. The Federal Government announced a $10 million package of emergency assistance, available from 9 February, providing $1,000 per adult and $400 per child for those who had been hospitalised with injuries or who had lost their homes.
Fire fighting

More than 4,000 firefighters from the Country Fire Authority which is primarily responsible for fires on private property and the Department of Sustainability and Environment which is primarily responsible for fires on public land worked to battle the fires.
Aid efforts

Many business’s helped by making donations to effected people and areas. Business’s and organisations like-
• The Victorian Government's Department of Human Services offered immediate assistance of up to $1,067 for affected people
• The bushfire appeal raised more than $372 million in total. The appeal by the Australian Red Cross raised over $315 million. The Red Cross Blood Service received 6,000 offers of blood donations on the morning of 9 February alone. The Salvation Army appeal raised $17.5 million
• Major banks National Australia Bank, ANZ, the Commonwealth Bank and Westpac each announced $1 million in donations for fire victims.
• BP donated $635,000 to the Red Cross Bushfire Appeal, along with donations from employees to be matched from the BP Foundation.
Are there any ongoing or risidual effects of this natural disaster or has the community fully recovered?

There are still many ongoing effects from the Victorian bush fires as more than 50% of the damaged houses and buildings are yet to be repaired or rebuilt and many of the wildlife is still damaged but has regrown to a certain extent.

2.5,2.6,2.7

 

2.5 questions

1) Tropical cyclones are known as hurricanes or typhoons and are large storms that form a funnel of gushing wind.

2) Tropical cyclones occur usually on the coast of countries usually in between 5 degrees and 22 degrees north and south of the equator over oceans with a water temperature greater than 26.5 degrees.

3) Areas that are most at risk in Australia are north of Perth along he coast of western Australia and the Northern territory, most of the Queensland coastline and occasionally the far north coast of New South Wales.

4) 6 tropical cyclones are expected to cross the Australian coastline each year.

5) Other names for tropical cyclones are hurricanes and typhoons.

6) Tropical cyclones develop in the tropical regions of the world. Heat from the sun causes warm, moist air to rise into the atmosphere. As the air rises, a low pressure system forms and condensation occurs, which releases latent heat causing the air to rise further into the atmosphere. If the air pressure in the upper atmosphere is high, then the rising column of warm air will spiral outwards in the upper atmosphere and air will rush from the surface to replace it, forming a tropical cyclone.

7) The eye of a tropical cyclone is in the centre of the cyclone and it is usually clear and calm.

9) For a tropical cyclone to be downgraded to a tropical storm the rising air form clouds, which release heat, causing the air to rise further, leading to a tropical storm  

2.6 Questions

1. 25 December 1974

2. The police set up evacuation and medical centres

3. It is a federal government body that’s job is to coordinate emergencies

4. The evacuation was essential as three quarters of the cities homes had been destroyed

5. 75%

6. It has showed us what houses are needed to be built like to prepare them for the worst

7. It occurred in New Orleans. It killed over 1400 and flooded large areas of New Orleans

8. New Orleans is based at near sea level, which meant that a lot of the town was flooded.

9. The FEMA didn’t devote enough resources to the clean-up efforts at the time, dramatically affecting the area

10. NDO quickly responded to the situation, with someone there to monitor the clean-up operation the very same day, whereas FEMA wasn’t as efficient

2.7 questions

1. It crossed the Queensland coast between 6.20am and 7.20am in the town of Innisfail

2. This is because the this is where the wind is spinning, ripping up anything in its path

3. Public infrastructure is buildings that belong to the government and this made it hard to set up a evacuation or medical point for them to go to

4. AU$350 million

5. The banana industry lost a lot of crops, escalating to $298.4 million worth of produce being lost in that year

6. The SES and EMA produce brochures and run community workshops to ensure that people are well prepared

7. Government agencies, local councils, the SES, energy suppliers and other organisations actively work together to ensure a coordinated relief effort

8) The assistance that these groups offered to communities affected by cyclone Larry was personal and financial assistance to local residents, business owners and farmers

9) Major General Peter Cosgrove was appointed by the EMA the lead the overall response.

10) Flooding

11) The impact it would have had on capital cities was a huge rise in the price of bananas in stores  

12) a. it would have travelled about 2000km

b. 2000km/24hrs

c. the cause of the downgrade was the speed of the winds died down as it came closer to shore

d. 800km