1) coastal management involves ways to protect human development but ot take in careful consideration of how it will effect the environment.
2) sea walls, breakwaters, Groynes
3) Sea walls- advantages- stop erosion of the coastline and protect property
disadvantages- often replace foredune, which is an essential part of beach erosion
Breakwaters- stabilise river entrances and provide safe access for boating by keeping the river entrance clear of sand built up
Disadvantages- can act to dramatically alter patterns of erosion, transportation and deposition of sand along the coastline.
Groynes- Advantages- to catch sand and make beaches wider
Disadvantages- however sand tends to accumulate on one side only, creating a different beach from its natural shape.
4) you need to keep the balance between human development and the environment.
Tuesday, November 1, 2011
7.3 Geographical Processes shaping the coastal environment
1) hydraulic action, corrasion and corrosion
2) wave refraction is when energy is concentrated around headlands and more dispersed along beaches located in bays
3) converging waves due to refraction on headland, wave energy concentrated, wave energy difused,
4) the most common erosional landforms found along the coastline are in Victoria called the famous Australian the twelve Apostles
5) longshore drift, deposition and erosion
7) once the material is eroded away by the wind and waves it is transported to other places to be deposited.
8) the most common depositional landforms found along the coastline are beaches and sand dunes
9) coastal dunes are formed by the action of the wind. once sand is deposited on the beach it is then subject to wind transportation. the wind blows the sand landward, which is then trapped by low-lying vegetation like coastal spinifex.
10) waves usually approach the coast at an angle. Once the waves break they start to lose their energy. as the swash travels up the beach it slows until the force of gravity causes it to travel directly back towards the ocean. the water will then be hit by the next wave and the process begins again. sand is transported along the beach by this process
2) wave refraction is when energy is concentrated around headlands and more dispersed along beaches located in bays
3) converging waves due to refraction on headland, wave energy concentrated, wave energy difused,
4) the most common erosional landforms found along the coastline are in Victoria called the famous Australian the twelve Apostles
5) longshore drift, deposition and erosion
7) once the material is eroded away by the wind and waves it is transported to other places to be deposited.
8) the most common depositional landforms found along the coastline are beaches and sand dunes
9) coastal dunes are formed by the action of the wind. once sand is deposited on the beach it is then subject to wind transportation. the wind blows the sand landward, which is then trapped by low-lying vegetation like coastal spinifex.
10) waves usually approach the coast at an angle. Once the waves break they start to lose their energy. as the swash travels up the beach it slows until the force of gravity causes it to travel directly back towards the ocean. the water will then be hit by the next wave and the process begins again. sand is transported along the beach by this process
7.2 Questions Waves- water on the moves
1) Wind- formation of swells and waves- waves enter shallow water the energy in the waves starts to interact with the sea floor
2) the distance the wind travels over the ocean to form a wave. it is an important factor because wind is the main cause for waves.
3) waves in the deeper ocean do not break but cause swells and the further a swell travels the more likely the waves are to form what is called a ground swell.
5) wave forms by the action of the wind blowing across the ocean. when the waves reach shallow water the energy in the wave starts to interact with the sea floor. the wavelegnth becomes shorter and the wave height increases.
6) the difference between the three types of waves is that spilling waves break far from the shore on beaches with gentle slopes. plunging waves break on beaches where the slope is moderately steep and surging waves occur on very steep beaches
7) a wind swell is marked by a short wavelength and high frequency of waves hitting the coast. A ground swell forms when waves have traveled across a greater distance of ocean before hitting the coast.
2) the distance the wind travels over the ocean to form a wave. it is an important factor because wind is the main cause for waves.
3) waves in the deeper ocean do not break but cause swells and the further a swell travels the more likely the waves are to form what is called a ground swell.
5) wave forms by the action of the wind blowing across the ocean. when the waves reach shallow water the energy in the wave starts to interact with the sea floor. the wavelegnth becomes shorter and the wave height increases.
6) the difference between the three types of waves is that spilling waves break far from the shore on beaches with gentle slopes. plunging waves break on beaches where the slope is moderately steep and surging waves occur on very steep beaches
7) a wind swell is marked by a short wavelength and high frequency of waves hitting the coast. A ground swell forms when waves have traveled across a greater distance of ocean before hitting the coast.
Monday, October 31, 2011
7.5 questions
rock wall- Walls of concrete or rock, built at the base of a cliff or at the back of a beach, or used to protect a settlement against erosion or flooding.
beach nourishment- also referred to as beach replenishment--describes a process by which sediment (usually sand) lost through longshore drift or erosion is replaced from sources outside of the eroding beach.
sand bar- A long, narrow sandbank, esp. at the mouth of a river
beach nourishment- also referred to as beach replenishment--describes a process by which sediment (usually sand) lost through longshore drift or erosion is replaced from sources outside of the eroding beach.
sand bar- A long, narrow sandbank, esp. at the mouth of a river
7.4 Questions
erosion-accretion cycle- is the process of coastal sediments returning to the visible portion of a beach or foreshore following a submersion event.
groynes - A low wall or sturdy timber barrier built out into the sea from a beach to check erosion and drifting.
revegetation - Revegetation is the process of replanting and rebuilding the soil of disturbed land.
sea walls - A wall or embankment erected to prevent the sea from encroaching on or eroding an area of land.
groynes - A low wall or sturdy timber barrier built out into the sea from a beach to check erosion and drifting.
revegetation - Revegetation is the process of replanting and rebuilding the soil of disturbed land.
sea walls - A wall or embankment erected to prevent the sea from encroaching on or eroding an area of land.
7.3 questions
aeolian - greek word for wind
spinifex - a genus of grass which is indiginous to the coastal areas of Australia
constructive waves- small low-energy waves that deposit sand onto beaches
corrasion- occurs when waves crash over rock shelves and move rock and other material helping to erode the rock shelf away
corrosion- the action of salt on minerals like irons that are contained in rock, weakening the rock and making it more susceptible to erosion
refraction- the bending of waves around the headlands into bays
deposition- the depositing of sand and rock particles caused by wind and wave action forming features such as beaches
destructive waves- large waves formed by tropical cyclones and storms that erode material from beaches
erosion- the removal of rock and sand particles as a result of wind and wave action
hydraulic action- Hydraulic action is a form of erosion caused by the force of moving water currents rushing into a crack in the rockface
longshore drift
spinifex - a genus of grass which is indiginous to the coastal areas of Australia
constructive waves- small low-energy waves that deposit sand onto beaches
corrasion- occurs when waves crash over rock shelves and move rock and other material helping to erode the rock shelf away
corrosion- the action of salt on minerals like irons that are contained in rock, weakening the rock and making it more susceptible to erosion
refraction- the bending of waves around the headlands into bays
deposition- the depositing of sand and rock particles caused by wind and wave action forming features such as beaches
destructive waves- large waves formed by tropical cyclones and storms that erode material from beaches
erosion- the removal of rock and sand particles as a result of wind and wave action
hydraulic action- Hydraulic action is a form of erosion caused by the force of moving water currents rushing into a crack in the rockface
longshore drift
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
7.2 questions
ground swell - A large or extensive swell in the sea.
plunging waves - A plunging wave occurs when the ocean floor is steep or has sudden depth changes, such as from a reef or sandbar.
spilling waves - Spilling waves occur when the crest tumbles down the front or face.
surging waves - Surging waves may never actually break as they approach the water’s edge, as the water below them is very deep. These waves are very dangerous as they can knock swimmers over and drag them back into deep water
wind swell - waves formed close to the shore by local wind conditions, unorganised, tendency to be slop
wave height- is the height of the breaking wave measuring from the peak down
wavelength- the distance between waves after eachother.
fetch- The distance traveled by wind or waves across open watersurf and swash zone- The region of breaking waves
plunging waves - A plunging wave occurs when the ocean floor is steep or has sudden depth changes, such as from a reef or sandbar.
spilling waves - Spilling waves occur when the crest tumbles down the front or face.
surging waves - Surging waves may never actually break as they approach the water’s edge, as the water below them is very deep. These waves are very dangerous as they can knock swimmers over and drag them back into deep water
wind swell - waves formed close to the shore by local wind conditions, unorganised, tendency to be slop
wave height- is the height of the breaking wave measuring from the peak down
wavelength- the distance between waves after eachother.
fetch- The distance traveled by wind or waves across open watersurf and swash zone- The region of breaking waves
Monday, October 24, 2011
Cortes Bank
Cortes Bank is a dangerously shallow chain of underwater mountains in the Pacific Ocean about 115 miles west of Point Loma San Diego, USA, and about 50 miles (82 kilometers) south-west of San Clemente Island.
How Weather Effects the size of the wave?
the large waves at Cortes Bank are actually created by wind, which is generated by large storms that originate thousands of miles from shore. The conditions have to be just right in order to get the correct wind equation to create big waves. There are only a handful of storms each year that have this wind/wave making potential.
Basically these storms are created by strong winds which are created by low-pressure systems. These low-pressure systems have what is called a pressure gradient, which is the pressure difference between high and low pressure. This typically happens when a low-pressure system comes into close proximity with a high-pressure system, and in between these two massive weather systems, the wind begins to blow very strong over the open ocean.
These powerful storms are packed with energy in the form of wind. This energy (or wind) that the storms generate is then transferred from the air into the ocean. Wind is what creates the energy that creates waves.
How the Topography has an effect on the size of the wave?
Big storms and swells are generated in every ocean around the world, but it is the ocean floor topography that determines whether or not a particular beach is going to produce average waves (four- to eight-foot waves) or big waves (12-foot-plus).
Cortes Bank is surrounded by jagged peaks in an underwater mountain chain and due to the adrupt rise of peaks, it is able to produce big Waves.
These natural underwater formations quickly focus approaching swells into rising, breaking waves. The part of the wave that hits the reef/rock/sea mount first will slow down, rise, and then break, while the wave out on the side is going to keep traveling, which will cause the wave to bend, angle, and then focus. This bending and angling is what causes the waves to peel, making it possible for surfers to get nice, long rides.
How Weather Effects the size of the wave?
the large waves at Cortes Bank are actually created by wind, which is generated by large storms that originate thousands of miles from shore. The conditions have to be just right in order to get the correct wind equation to create big waves. There are only a handful of storms each year that have this wind/wave making potential.
Basically these storms are created by strong winds which are created by low-pressure systems. These low-pressure systems have what is called a pressure gradient, which is the pressure difference between high and low pressure. This typically happens when a low-pressure system comes into close proximity with a high-pressure system, and in between these two massive weather systems, the wind begins to blow very strong over the open ocean.
These powerful storms are packed with energy in the form of wind. This energy (or wind) that the storms generate is then transferred from the air into the ocean. Wind is what creates the energy that creates waves.
How the Topography has an effect on the size of the wave?
Big storms and swells are generated in every ocean around the world, but it is the ocean floor topography that determines whether or not a particular beach is going to produce average waves (four- to eight-foot waves) or big waves (12-foot-plus).
Cortes Bank is surrounded by jagged peaks in an underwater mountain chain and due to the adrupt rise of peaks, it is able to produce big Waves.
These natural underwater formations quickly focus approaching swells into rising, breaking waves. The part of the wave that hits the reef/rock/sea mount first will slow down, rise, and then break, while the wave out on the side is going to keep traveling, which will cause the wave to bend, angle, and then focus. This bending and angling is what causes the waves to peel, making it possible for surfers to get nice, long rides.
Sunday, October 23, 2011
the science of big waves
1. they form in the wave factory in the Atlantic (north) to the west coast of america
2. surfers should know the wave height and the wave length so they know the distance between the waves which could help them surf them. the distance between the two peeks.
3. waves are formed by the wind and the energy in the water. The gravitational pull of the sun and moon oscillates the surface of the oceans twice a day while the wind agitates it into waves. The surface of the sea exerts a frictional drag on the bottom layer of a wind blowing over it, and this layer exerts a frictional drag on the layer above it, and so on. The air tumbles forward and finally develops a circular motion. This motion causes a downward pressure (DP) on the surface at its front, and an upward pressure (UP) at its rear, and this causes the surface to take on the form of a wave.
4. a maverick wave is a wave that after a strong winter storm in the northern Pacific Ocean, can routinely crest at over 25 feet (8m) and top out at over 80 feet (24.4m). The break is caused by an unusually-shaped underwater rock formation.
5. As a wave moves through water, energy is transferred between the water molecules causing them to move in a circular motion. The peak of the wave is the water at the surface that moves up and forward.
2. surfers should know the wave height and the wave length so they know the distance between the waves which could help them surf them. the distance between the two peeks.
3. waves are formed by the wind and the energy in the water. The gravitational pull of the sun and moon oscillates the surface of the oceans twice a day while the wind agitates it into waves. The surface of the sea exerts a frictional drag on the bottom layer of a wind blowing over it, and this layer exerts a frictional drag on the layer above it, and so on. The air tumbles forward and finally develops a circular motion. This motion causes a downward pressure (DP) on the surface at its front, and an upward pressure (UP) at its rear, and this causes the surface to take on the form of a wave.
4. a maverick wave is a wave that after a strong winter storm in the northern Pacific Ocean, can routinely crest at over 25 feet (8m) and top out at over 80 feet (24.4m). The break is caused by an unusually-shaped underwater rock formation.
5. As a wave moves through water, energy is transferred between the water molecules causing them to move in a circular motion. The peak of the wave is the water at the surface that moves up and forward.
Quiz 1 7.1 words
breakwaters- A barrier built out into the sea to protect a coast or harbor from the force of waves
faecal coliform-
silting - Fill or block with silt
tidal flushing - action of saltwater entering an estuary twice a day during the high tides. It renews the salinity and nutrients to the estuary and removes artificially introduced toxins in the environment.
sea change- A profound or notable transformationurban stormwater-
silting-
tidal flushing-
dredging- Clean out the bed of (a harbor, river, or other area of water) by scooping out mud, weeds, and rubbish with a dredge.
introduced plants-
faecal coliform-
silting - Fill or block with silt
tidal flushing - action of saltwater entering an estuary twice a day during the high tides. It renews the salinity and nutrients to the estuary and removes artificially introduced toxins in the environment.
sea change- A profound or notable transformationurban stormwater-
silting-
tidal flushing-
dredging- Clean out the bed of (a harbor, river, or other area of water) by scooping out mud, weeds, and rubbish with a dredge.
introduced plants-
Thursday, September 8, 2011
4.1
1. When people from rural areas move away from the country and into urban areas in order to find work
2. Gulargambone is situated 115km north of Dubbo and 500km north west of Sydney.
4. The soldier settler blocks where given to soldiers who had come back from the war and were given land in the country
5. The main economic activities in Gulargambone are the farming industry. This involves cattle, sheep and other animals
6. 447 people live in the town. 1072 people live in the surrounding area
7. The CDP is the community development employment and it provides activities for unemployed indigenous people around the community.
2. Gulargambone is situated 115km north of Dubbo and 500km north west of Sydney.
4. The soldier settler blocks where given to soldiers who had come back from the war and were given land in the country
5. The main economic activities in Gulargambone are the farming industry. This involves cattle, sheep and other animals
6. 447 people live in the town. 1072 people live in the surrounding area
7. The CDP is the community development employment and it provides activities for unemployed indigenous people around the community.
Gulargambone- an Australian community facing change
4.2
1) Drought causes hardship for the agricultural population, which has an effect on businesses, jobs and the local economy of the town.
2) this resulted in farm areas increasing but the number of farms decreasing.
3) Mechanism and technology, better transport and roads, and lifestyle expectations.
4) many jobs that were once manual are now mechanised.
5) it has allowed people of the community to access larger centres and they begin to bypass the smaller cntres of gulargambone
6) Population decline, an ageing population, and a loss of services for the people who remain in the community.
8) it had declined dramatically in 1961 and has staid at that population for a while.
9) the ages of people living there is older than usual.
10) the trend in school enrolments has declined as well and is still falling.
11) all this information shows that the population of Gulargambone has been effected in size and that not many new people are coming to live there.
1) Drought causes hardship for the agricultural population, which has an effect on businesses, jobs and the local economy of the town.
2) this resulted in farm areas increasing but the number of farms decreasing.
3) Mechanism and technology, better transport and roads, and lifestyle expectations.
4) many jobs that were once manual are now mechanised.
5) it has allowed people of the community to access larger centres and they begin to bypass the smaller cntres of gulargambone
6) Population decline, an ageing population, and a loss of services for the people who remain in the community.
8) it had declined dramatically in 1961 and has staid at that population for a while.
9) the ages of people living there is older than usual.
10) the trend in school enrolments has declined as well and is still falling.
11) all this information shows that the population of Gulargambone has been effected in size and that not many new people are coming to live there.
Monday, September 5, 2011
Go back to where you cam from reflection
1) My initial reaction to the show was that they were just going to be introduced to people who had been refugees. also that the people who were on the show were all racist.
2) 70%
3) because they are a different culture and we dont understand what they are escaping from
4) 18th
5) we could use some money to help people seek life in Australia. we could make foundations that could support refugees
6) very little to nearly nothing
7) 11
8) it means that they are illegally living there and that if they get caught they could exiled or sent to prison
2) 70%
3) because they are a different culture and we dont understand what they are escaping from
4) 18th
5) we could use some money to help people seek life in Australia. we could make foundations that could support refugees
6) very little to nearly nothing
7) 11
8) it means that they are illegally living there and that if they get caught they could exiled or sent to prison
Monday, August 22, 2011
Australia's Population
1) The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations
2) December 4, 2003. Australia's population grew by 1.5% during the year ended 31 December 2010. The growth rate has been declining since the peak of 2.2% for the year ended 31 December 2008 and was the lowest growth rate since the year ended 30 September 2006.
3) The Indigenous population at the time of European settlement is estimated to have been at least 315 000.
4) Immigration and birth rate. Natural increase and net overseas migration contributed 47% and 53% respectively to total population growth for the year ended 31 December 2010.
5) 1.78 children born/woman
6) 3.1 children born/woman. The fertility rate fell from about 6 babies per woman in the mid-nineteenth century to 3.9 in 1901. After a slight rise, probably a catch-up of births postponed during the 1890s Depression, it declined to 3.1 by 1921 and, associated with the Great Depression, to 2.1 in 1934. After this it increased to a high of 3.5 in 1961 before commencing the decline to the current level. I think that it compares this way because like to day as the time of the great depression it is harder to earn a good living to support a family. Also because today woman have alot more oppurtunites than they did in the early 1900's
7) A subsequently decline in fertility rate from the 1950's
8) the average size of a family household is 2.6.
2) December 4, 2003. Australia's population grew by 1.5% during the year ended 31 December 2010. The growth rate has been declining since the peak of 2.2% for the year ended 31 December 2008 and was the lowest growth rate since the year ended 30 September 2006.
3) The Indigenous population at the time of European settlement is estimated to have been at least 315 000.
4) Immigration and birth rate. Natural increase and net overseas migration contributed 47% and 53% respectively to total population growth for the year ended 31 December 2010.
5) 1.78 children born/woman
6) 3.1 children born/woman. The fertility rate fell from about 6 babies per woman in the mid-nineteenth century to 3.9 in 1901. After a slight rise, probably a catch-up of births postponed during the 1890s Depression, it declined to 3.1 by 1921 and, associated with the Great Depression, to 2.1 in 1934. After this it increased to a high of 3.5 in 1961 before commencing the decline to the current level. I think that it compares this way because like to day as the time of the great depression it is harder to earn a good living to support a family. Also because today woman have alot more oppurtunites than they did in the early 1900's
7) A subsequently decline in fertility rate from the 1950's
8) the average size of a family household is 2.6.
Tuesday, August 16, 2011
How has Australia changed in my life time?
Physical Changes
-Drought
-Deforestation
-buildings
-roads
-floods
Socio-economic changes
-income
-technology
-population
-transport
-industries
Cultural Changes
-indiginous
-Transportation
-immigration
-population
-environmental
2) physical change- deforestation
deforestation has effected Australia and its environment. many species and animals would have been effected by deforestation. Ways we can find out how much Australia has changed in this category is comparing areas which are now full of large buildings and houses compared to what the area would have been liked 20 years ago. we can also compare rainforests and how they have changed.
Socio-economic change- income
the income and wealth of people have changed Australia's Socio-economic status in many ways. as people get larger incomes this means that the difference between poor and rich people are growing. also if less people are earning a sizable income then people wont be spending as much.
Cultural Change- immigration
immigration had changed Australia's cultures in many ways. due to the recent asalam seekers there have been an increase in middle estern people coming to Australia. This has also changed the culture of Australia as many new cultures have arrived in australia. ways to test this is to maybe go on government websites and have a look at the population and culture. also interview small areas.
-
-Drought
-Deforestation
-buildings
-roads
-floods
Socio-economic changes
-income
-technology
-population
-transport
-industries
Cultural Changes
-indiginous
-Transportation
-immigration
-population
-environmental
2) physical change- deforestation
deforestation has effected Australia and its environment. many species and animals would have been effected by deforestation. Ways we can find out how much Australia has changed in this category is comparing areas which are now full of large buildings and houses compared to what the area would have been liked 20 years ago. we can also compare rainforests and how they have changed.
Socio-economic change- income
the income and wealth of people have changed Australia's Socio-economic status in many ways. as people get larger incomes this means that the difference between poor and rich people are growing. also if less people are earning a sizable income then people wont be spending as much.
Cultural Change- immigration
immigration had changed Australia's cultures in many ways. due to the recent asalam seekers there have been an increase in middle estern people coming to Australia. This has also changed the culture of Australia as many new cultures have arrived in australia. ways to test this is to maybe go on government websites and have a look at the population and culture. also interview small areas.
-
Sunday, June 5, 2011
El Nino Natural Disaster
Black Saturday Bush fires
Where was it? (get exact information to use on your Google Map)
The black Saturday Bush fires occurred in the areas around Victoria. But the fire started at Gippsland Victoria and spread over 450,000 hectares.
What are the important weather statistics which make it a NATURAL disaster? (eg. If it is a cyclone, what was the wind speeds? How big was it? ect.)
• The important weather statistics for a fire to make it a natural disaster is-
• The speed the fire travelled at was 100km/h which was mainly caused by the wind and the deep bushland surrounding the towns. This was one main statistic which makes it a natural disaster.
• The fires came as Melbourne reached its hottest ever temperature of 46.4 degrees.
• The extremely hot temperatures were accompanied by very strong north westerly winds, which changed to strong south easterly winds in the late afternoon.
How did it effect communities? (people killed, damage, ect.)
This natural disaster had many effects on the communities like the loss of property, the number of deaths and power and phone network failures.The Bushfires Royal Commission gave a "conservative" estimate of the total cost of the Black Saturday bushfires of A$4.4 billion.
Loss of property
• The fires have destroyed at least 1,834 homes, with thousands more suffering damage.
• The fires have left an estimated 7,500 people homeless.
Deaths
• As at May 13 , 2009, 173 people are reported dead.
• Several million native animals are estimated to have died.
Power and phone network failures
The following power lines which supply Melbourne with electricity failed during the bushfires:
• Two power lines in the Latrobe valley, due to the Churchill fire
One power line to the north of Melbourne, due to the Kilmore fire
• An electricity spokesperson stated on the Radio 774 on February 7 that Melbourne was very close to losing its power as a result of these fires. If another power line had been impacted the entire grid would have been temporarily shut down.
• Phone networks failed in fire areas when the following infrastructure was destroyed by fire:
• poles and wires for landline phone networks.
• transmitter towers for mobile networks.
How have local, state, national government and emergencies react?
Responses to the Black Saturday bushfires included immediate community response, donations and later, international aid efforts, Government inquiries including a Royal Commission and recommendations and discussions from a wide variety of bodies, organisations, authorities and communities.
Government
The Premier of Victoria, John Brumby, accepted an offer from the Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, to dispatch members of the Australian Defence Force to provide assistance in that state. The Federal Government announced a $10 million package of emergency assistance, available from 9 February, providing $1,000 per adult and $400 per child for those who had been hospitalised with injuries or who had lost their homes.
Fire fighting
More than 4,000 firefighters from the Country Fire Authority which is primarily responsible for fires on private property and the Department of Sustainability and Environment which is primarily responsible for fires on public land worked to battle the fires.
Aid efforts
Many business’s helped by making donations to effected people and areas. Business’s and organisations like-
• The Victorian Government's Department of Human Services offered immediate assistance of up to $1,067 for affected people
• The bushfire appeal raised more than $372 million in total. The appeal by the Australian Red Cross raised over $315 million. The Red Cross Blood Service received 6,000 offers of blood donations on the morning of 9 February alone. The Salvation Army appeal raised $17.5 million
• Major banks National Australia Bank, ANZ, the Commonwealth Bank and Westpac each announced $1 million in donations for fire victims.
• BP donated $635,000 to the Red Cross Bushfire Appeal, along with donations from employees to be matched from the BP Foundation.
Are there any ongoing or risidual effects of this natural disaster or has the community fully recovered?
There are still many ongoing effects from the Victorian bush fires as more than 50% of the damaged houses and buildings are yet to be repaired or rebuilt and many of the wildlife is still damaged but has regrown to a certain extent.
Where was it? (get exact information to use on your Google Map)
The black Saturday Bush fires occurred in the areas around Victoria. But the fire started at Gippsland Victoria and spread over 450,000 hectares.
What are the important weather statistics which make it a NATURAL disaster? (eg. If it is a cyclone, what was the wind speeds? How big was it? ect.)
• The important weather statistics for a fire to make it a natural disaster is-
• The speed the fire travelled at was 100km/h which was mainly caused by the wind and the deep bushland surrounding the towns. This was one main statistic which makes it a natural disaster.
• The fires came as Melbourne reached its hottest ever temperature of 46.4 degrees.
• The extremely hot temperatures were accompanied by very strong north westerly winds, which changed to strong south easterly winds in the late afternoon.
How did it effect communities? (people killed, damage, ect.)
This natural disaster had many effects on the communities like the loss of property, the number of deaths and power and phone network failures.The Bushfires Royal Commission gave a "conservative" estimate of the total cost of the Black Saturday bushfires of A$4.4 billion.
Loss of property
• The fires have destroyed at least 1,834 homes, with thousands more suffering damage.
• The fires have left an estimated 7,500 people homeless.
Deaths
• As at May 13 , 2009, 173 people are reported dead.
• Several million native animals are estimated to have died.
Power and phone network failures
The following power lines which supply Melbourne with electricity failed during the bushfires:
• Two power lines in the Latrobe valley, due to the Churchill fire
One power line to the north of Melbourne, due to the Kilmore fire
• An electricity spokesperson stated on the Radio 774 on February 7 that Melbourne was very close to losing its power as a result of these fires. If another power line had been impacted the entire grid would have been temporarily shut down.
• Phone networks failed in fire areas when the following infrastructure was destroyed by fire:
• poles and wires for landline phone networks.
• transmitter towers for mobile networks.
How have local, state, national government and emergencies react?
Responses to the Black Saturday bushfires included immediate community response, donations and later, international aid efforts, Government inquiries including a Royal Commission and recommendations and discussions from a wide variety of bodies, organisations, authorities and communities.
Government
The Premier of Victoria, John Brumby, accepted an offer from the Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, to dispatch members of the Australian Defence Force to provide assistance in that state. The Federal Government announced a $10 million package of emergency assistance, available from 9 February, providing $1,000 per adult and $400 per child for those who had been hospitalised with injuries or who had lost their homes.
Fire fighting
More than 4,000 firefighters from the Country Fire Authority which is primarily responsible for fires on private property and the Department of Sustainability and Environment which is primarily responsible for fires on public land worked to battle the fires.
Aid efforts
Many business’s helped by making donations to effected people and areas. Business’s and organisations like-
• The Victorian Government's Department of Human Services offered immediate assistance of up to $1,067 for affected people
• The bushfire appeal raised more than $372 million in total. The appeal by the Australian Red Cross raised over $315 million. The Red Cross Blood Service received 6,000 offers of blood donations on the morning of 9 February alone. The Salvation Army appeal raised $17.5 million
• Major banks National Australia Bank, ANZ, the Commonwealth Bank and Westpac each announced $1 million in donations for fire victims.
• BP donated $635,000 to the Red Cross Bushfire Appeal, along with donations from employees to be matched from the BP Foundation.
Are there any ongoing or risidual effects of this natural disaster or has the community fully recovered?
There are still many ongoing effects from the Victorian bush fires as more than 50% of the damaged houses and buildings are yet to be repaired or rebuilt and many of the wildlife is still damaged but has regrown to a certain extent.
Wednesday, May 11, 2011
2.5,2.6,2.7
2.5 questions
1) Tropical cyclones are known as hurricanes or typhoons and are large storms that form a funnel of gushing wind.
2) Tropical cyclones occur usually on the coast of countries usually in between 5 degrees and 22 degrees north and south of the equator over oceans with a water temperature greater than 26.5 degrees.
3) Areas that are most at risk in Australia are north of Perth along he coast of western Australia and the Northern territory, most of the Queensland coastline and occasionally the far north coast of New South Wales.
4) 6 tropical cyclones are expected to cross the Australian coastline each year.
5) Other names for tropical cyclones are hurricanes and typhoons.
6) Tropical cyclones develop in the tropical regions of the world. Heat from the sun causes warm, moist air to rise into the atmosphere. As the air rises, a low pressure system forms and condensation occurs, which releases latent heat causing the air to rise further into the atmosphere. If the air pressure in the upper atmosphere is high, then the rising column of warm air will spiral outwards in the upper atmosphere and air will rush from the surface to replace it, forming a tropical cyclone.
7) The eye of a tropical cyclone is in the centre of the cyclone and it is usually clear and calm.
9) For a tropical cyclone to be downgraded to a tropical storm the rising air form clouds, which release heat, causing the air to rise further, leading to a tropical storm
2.6 Questions
1. 25 December 1974
2. The police set up evacuation and medical centres
3. It is a federal government body that’s job is to coordinate emergencies
4. The evacuation was essential as three quarters of the cities homes had been destroyed
5. 75%
6. It has showed us what houses are needed to be built like to prepare them for the worst
7. It occurred in New Orleans. It killed over 1400 and flooded large areas of New Orleans
8. New Orleans is based at near sea level, which meant that a lot of the town was flooded.
9. The FEMA didn’t devote enough resources to the clean-up efforts at the time, dramatically affecting the area
10. NDO quickly responded to the situation, with someone there to monitor the clean-up operation the very same day, whereas FEMA wasn’t as efficient
2.7 questions
1. It crossed the Queensland coast between 6.20am and 7.20am in the town of Innisfail
2. This is because the this is where the wind is spinning, ripping up anything in its path
3. Public infrastructure is buildings that belong to the government and this made it hard to set up a evacuation or medical point for them to go to
4. AU$350 million
5. The banana industry lost a lot of crops, escalating to $298.4 million worth of produce being lost in that year
6. The SES and EMA produce brochures and run community workshops to ensure that people are well prepared
7. Government agencies, local councils, the SES, energy suppliers and other organisations actively work together to ensure a coordinated relief effort
8) The assistance that these groups offered to communities affected by cyclone Larry was personal and financial assistance to local residents, business owners and farmers
9) Major General Peter Cosgrove was appointed by the EMA the lead the overall response.
10) Flooding
11) The impact it would have had on capital cities was a huge rise in the price of bananas in stores
12) a. it would have travelled about 2000km
b. 2000km/24hrs
c. the cause of the downgrade was the speed of the winds died down as it came closer to shore
d. 800km
Sunday, May 8, 2011
2.8
1) a. i. 1014
ii 1010
iii. 1020
iv 1022
b. Adelaide
c. There is a cold front emerging from the west with showers occuring later in the day and continuing in the night.
d. i. high pressure system interacting with a low pressure system.
ii. ridge
iii. a big low pressure coming in.
e. hobart would have the stongest winds as there is a low pressure system coming from the south with the isobars closeer together meaning the winds will be stronger
ii 1010
iii. 1020
iv 1022
b. Adelaide
c. There is a cold front emerging from the west with showers occuring later in the day and continuing in the night.
d. i. high pressure system interacting with a low pressure system.
ii. ridge
iii. a big low pressure coming in.
e. hobart would have the stongest winds as there is a low pressure system coming from the south with the isobars closeer together meaning the winds will be stronger
2.2
1) A landslide is the movement of a mass of rock or sections of the Earth's crust under the force of gravity
2) The main causes of landslides are torrential rain, human contributions, earthquakes and undercutting of banks and cliffs from waves or rivers.
3) humans contribute to landslides by creating either man made hills that support houses and buildings
4) earthquakes are rapid and sudden movements of the Earth's crust caused by tectonic forces from within the Earth. It is measured using the rictor scale rating from 1-10
5) The main causes of earthquakes in Australia is the tectonic plates rubbing againts one an other.
6) every 15 months and it is not usual because we are on the midde of a tectonic plate and not on the edges.
7) !3 people killed, 120 people injured, 70 000 buildings damaged
8) A landslide is formed by weather and external factors while earthquakes are internal factors and are usually a lot bigger
9) A tsunami is when the movement of the ocean bottom which displaces water on the surface.
10) Earthquakes, landslide and volcano
11) A tsunami is formed when the tectonic plates move and pushes water to form large blocks of water moving away.
12) Three tsunami warnings signs are a shake from the ground which is a earthquake which usually causes tsunami's, a drop of sea level and a roar coming from the large gush of water.
13) A under sea earthquake rating 9.3 on the rictor scale which occured off the west coast of samatra where the Indo-Australian Plate is sliding under the Eurasian plate
14) 23
15) A tsuanmi changes in shallow water becuase as it gets shallower the water the wave slowed to 100km per hour and rised.
16) The united nations coordinated a warning system for the indian ocean
17) Ted Bryant studies natural hazards.
18) 10N 90E
b. india- 1 hr
Africa- 10hrs
Australia- 5hrs
tasmania-10hrs
2) The main causes of landslides are torrential rain, human contributions, earthquakes and undercutting of banks and cliffs from waves or rivers.
3) humans contribute to landslides by creating either man made hills that support houses and buildings
4) earthquakes are rapid and sudden movements of the Earth's crust caused by tectonic forces from within the Earth. It is measured using the rictor scale rating from 1-10
5) The main causes of earthquakes in Australia is the tectonic plates rubbing againts one an other.
6) every 15 months and it is not usual because we are on the midde of a tectonic plate and not on the edges.
7) !3 people killed, 120 people injured, 70 000 buildings damaged
8) A landslide is formed by weather and external factors while earthquakes are internal factors and are usually a lot bigger
9) A tsunami is when the movement of the ocean bottom which displaces water on the surface.
10) Earthquakes, landslide and volcano
11) A tsunami is formed when the tectonic plates move and pushes water to form large blocks of water moving away.
12) Three tsunami warnings signs are a shake from the ground which is a earthquake which usually causes tsunami's, a drop of sea level and a roar coming from the large gush of water.
13) A under sea earthquake rating 9.3 on the rictor scale which occured off the west coast of samatra where the Indo-Australian Plate is sliding under the Eurasian plate
14) 23
15) A tsuanmi changes in shallow water becuase as it gets shallower the water the wave slowed to 100km per hour and rised.
16) The united nations coordinated a warning system for the indian ocean
17) Ted Bryant studies natural hazards.
18) 10N 90E
b. india- 1 hr
Africa- 10hrs
Australia- 5hrs
tasmania-10hrs
Monday, May 2, 2011
2.1 Qll
a. There are many reasons as to why emergency services would benefit from GIS mapping of natural hazard areas. This mapping would enable the emergency services to pre-pare and plan for natural hazaerds so loss of life is minimal. There are 5 main ways which emergency services use GIS mapping to help them, they are:
- Easily calculate emergency response times
- Be able to assess hot spots where emergency vehicles and teams must be on standby
- Warn people of danger due to a natural hazard area
- Map out dangerous areas were unexpected dangers lurk - flash flooding, earthquakes, bush fires etc
- Be able to set up a emergency rescue team ready to move out home owners and people who are in danger from the natural hazards.
b the information in 2.3 would help state governments in making tactical decision about to deal with situation in their state. An example of this would be, the NSW government would be able to pick areas of the state which would be effect. In this case Bush fires are the most prominat near area of Southern NSW. They can also make tactical decision. Where to put fire bans and also danger signs so people in the area could be better prepare if a major disaster broke out. They can also protect local wild life from fires and give people warning when Natural Hazards are coming
c. Insurance companies- There are many reasons as to why insurance companies would benefit from GIS mapping of natural hazard areas. This mapping would enable insurnace companies to prepare and set up plans for people living in most effected areas and also can help alot of people for certain hazards. They could also warn consumers about the certain natural hazards that could effect there area.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)